{"id":6850,"date":"2025-11-17T21:08:08","date_gmt":"2025-11-17T14:08:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.eurogroupconsulting.com\/?p=6850"},"modified":"2026-02-16T11:06:30","modified_gmt":"2026-02-16T10:06:30","slug":"acceptabilite-pour-les-projets-dinfrastructures-de-transports","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.eurogroupconsulting.com\/publications\/etude\/acceptabilite-pour-les-projets-dinfrastructures-de-transports","title":{"rendered":"Quelle \u00ab acceptabilit\u00e9 \u00bb pour les projets d\u2019infrastructures de transports ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse des infrastructures de transports ou d\u2019urbanisme, \u00ab l\u2019acceptabilit\u00e9 \u00bb des projets pose de plus en plus question.<\/p>\n

Entre imp\u00e9ratifs d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et pr\u00e9occupations locales, comment concilier vision strat\u00e9gique et concertation d\u00e9mocratique ? Quels leviers pour renforcer la confiance ? Quels outils pour mieux associer les territoires et leurs habitants ? Et comment repenser la gouvernance des grands am\u00e9nagements \u00e0 l\u2019heure des grandes transitions ?<\/p>\n

Nos expertes Cl\u00e9mence Cazemajour, Aur\u00e9lie Schraub et C\u00e9cile Gouesse vous proposent de d\u00e9couvrir les r\u00e9ponses \u00e0 ces enjeux dans leur rapport disponible au t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement !<\/p>\n


Une probl\u00e9matique au c\u0153ur des d\u00e9bats<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n

Alors que \u00ab l\u2019acceptabilit\u00e9 \u00bb des projets a \u00e9t\u00e9 largement d\u00e9battue lors de la conf\u00e9rence\u00a0France Transport<\/a>\u00a0qui s\u2019est tenue de mai \u00e0 juillet 2025 et alors que Cl\u00e9ment Beaune, Haut-commissaire \u00e0 la strat\u00e9gie et au plan, a missionn\u00e9 en juin 2025 le pr\u00e9fet Cadot pour mener un \u00ab travail de r\u00e9flexion sur les leviers d\u2019action juridiques et administratifs permettant d\u2019\u00e9laborer un cadre renouvel\u00e9 pour la r\u00e9alisation de projets d\u2019infrastructures dans notre pays \u00bb , le pr\u00e9sent rapport\u00a0 dresse un panorama des enjeux et pratiques des gestionnaires d\u2019infrastructures de transport (a\u00e9roports, ports, ferr\u00e9, routes) en la mati\u00e8re, ainsi que des pistes d\u2019actions pour mieux coconstruire les projets d\u2019infrastructures.<\/p>\n


Un contexte de plus en plus complexe<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n

Les\u00a0projets d\u2019infrastructures de transport<\/a>\u00a0en France \u00e9voluent dans un contexte de plus en plus contraint et complexe : cadre financier et budg\u00e9taire contraint, cadre r\u00e8glementaire de la transition \u00e9cologique (bas carbone, z\u00e9ro artificialisation nette, etc.), mais aussi articulation aux projets de territoire, et meilleure association des parties prenantes, au-del\u00e0 du recours \u00e0 la concertation qui s\u2019est d\u00e9sormais install\u00e9. Dans le m\u00eame temps, une large majorit\u00e9 de Fran\u00e7ais r\u00e9affirment leurs attentes en mati\u00e8re d\u2019investissements dans les infrastructures de transports (avec des scores de 70 % \u00e0 94 % selon les types d\u2019infrastructures).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n


Des difficult\u00e9s croissantes pour mener les projets<\/strong><\/h3>\n
\u00a0<\/p>\n

Plusieurs \u00e9volutions accentuent la difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 mener les projets :<\/p>\n

    \n
  • La multiplication des recours juridiques et des proc\u00e9dures administratives : il y aurait par exemple pr\u00e8s d\u2019une soixantaine de projets routiers et autoroutiers faisant l\u2019objet de contestations en France en 2024 ;<\/li>\n
  • La difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 projeter ces infrastructures dans un avenir partag\u00e9\u00a0;<\/li>\n
  • Enfin, depuis les ann\u00e9es 2010, la mont\u00e9e des mobilisations d\u2019oppositions locales (Notre-Dame-des-Landes, A69, LGV Sud-Ouest, etc.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    En comparaison avec le cadre r\u00e8glementaire de la concertation en France, l\u2019Allemagne privil\u00e9gie une construction it\u00e9rative de la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9, dans un contexte o\u00f9 dans un pays f\u00e9d\u00e9ral, chaque niveau de gouvernement d\u00e9tient une l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 propre. Les r\u00e9gions, L\u00e4nder et communes attendent d\u2019\u00eatre pleinement associ\u00e9s aux d\u00e9cisions impactant leur territoire. Cette architecture politique impose des coordinations longues et complexes, mais elle garantit que les projets soient per\u00e7us comme \u00ab co-construits \u00bb plut\u00f4t qu\u2019impos\u00e9s.\u00a0\u00a0transports transports transports transports trasnports<\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/p>\n

    Comment mieux \u00ab fabriquer \u00bb les projets d\u2019infrastructures ?<\/strong><\/h3>\n
    \u00a0<\/p>\n

    Les experts interrog\u00e9s partagent plusieurs bonnes pratiques :<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Associer l\u2019ensemble des parties prenantes : citoyens, \u00e9lus, associations, acteurs socio-\u00e9conomiques, \u00c9tat ;<\/li>\n
    • Prendre le temps de la concertation : assez t\u00f4t pour \u00eatre cr\u00e9dible, mais pas trop t\u00f4t pour que les options soient suffisamment pr\u00e9cises pour \u00eatre discutables ;<\/li>\n
    • \u00ab Donner mati\u00e8re \u00e0 concerter \u00bb : ouvrir un projet \u00e0 la discussion en identifiant ce qui, concr\u00e8tement, peut encore \u00e9voluer ;<\/li>\n
    • Responsabiliser les politiques et les financeurs d\u00e9cideurs, dans leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 assumer leur r\u00f4le dans la d\u00e9cision et dans la p\u00e9dagogie du projet ;<\/li>\n
    • Distinguer (porteur de) projet et gestionnaire d\u2019infrastructures, \u00e9viter l\u2019amalgame entre la ma\u00eetrise d\u2019ouvrage politique du projet (qui d\u00e9finit les objectifs, les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices attendus et les arbitrages) et la ma\u00eetrise d\u2019\u0153uvre technique \/ gestionnaire d\u2019infrastructure (qui met en \u0153uvre les solutions concr\u00e8tes)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \"\"<\/p>\n

      Au-del\u00e0 de mieux \u00ab fabriquer \u00bb les projets d\u2019infrastructures, comment faire autrement, renouveler le cadre d\u2019int\u00e9gration des projets aux territoires ? Dans ce rapport, plusieurs pistes sont identifi\u00e9es :<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Engager autrement autour des projets d\u2019infrastructures : mobiliser des influenceurs d\u00e9di\u00e9s aux projets, utiliser la facilitation graphique, multiplier et adapter les dispositifs pour engager le territoire, voire d\u00e9velopper les r\u00e9f\u00e9rendums locaux sur les projets d\u2019infrastructure ;<\/li>\n
      • Dialoguer \u00e0 partir de projets de territoires, et non plus de projets unitaires : inscrire la concertation dans une logique multi projets au sein d\u2019un territoire ;<\/li>\n
      • S\u2019attacher \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire des projets (et des territoires) : bien connaitre son territoire, les besoins, les enjeux \u00e0 travers des \u00e9tudes de contexte, tracer tous les engagements et concessions pris sur le projet ;<\/li>\n
      • Travailler la complexit\u00e9 proc\u00e9durale et administrative : regrouper les autorisations, d\u00e9velopper les gouvernances unifi\u00e9es \u00c9tat \/ collectivit\u00e9s, recourir \u00e0 et valoriser la concertation volontaire anticip\u00e9e ;<\/li>\n
      • Revoir les logiques d\u2019association \/ d\u00e9dommagements des acteurs : homologuer des transactions entre le ma\u00eetre d\u2019ouvrage et les associations, ouvrir la possibilit\u00e9 pour le ma\u00eetre d\u2019ouvrage d\u2019avenanter les march\u00e9s publics sur la base de la DUP ou de la d\u00e9claration initiale, sans devoir relancer toute la proc\u00e9dure, encourager des dispositifs de m\u00e9diation obligatoires en amont ou autour de la DUP pour anticiper les oppositions et co-construire des compromis l\u00e9gitimes, et publicis\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse des infrastructures de transports ou d\u2019urbanisme, l\u2019acceptabilit\u00e9 des projets pose de plus en plus question.<\/p>\n

        Entre imp\u00e9ratifs d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et pr\u00e9occupations locales, comment concilier vision strat\u00e9gique et concertation d\u00e9mocratique ?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6855,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6850","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-etude"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nQuelle \u00ab acceptabilit\u00e9 \u00bb pour les projets d\u2019infrastructures de transports ?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Comment renforcer la confiance, associer les territoires et repenser la gouvernance des projets d\u2019infrastructures ? 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